Facilities with existing wastewater treatment facilities are in a better position than those that don't have one as the latter is very susceptible to environmental non-compliance, penalization, closure and even criminal liabilities.
However, even facilities with existing wastewater treatment facilities face challenges on a daily basis as a result of inadequate knowledge and continuous training of personnel and sometimes the lack of top management commitment to comply with environmental laws (some put up systems like these only as a front but don't operate it properly). Yet again, growing companies whose operations have increased in capacity have problems with their existing treatment facilities because these are not adequate to treat the increase in wastewater generation anymore.
Pacific Spectrum Environmental has conducted many assessments of existing wastewater treatment facilities to resolve these problems all together. We have trained personnel to do simple, easy-to-understand tasks that can increase his/her competence as an operator. We've also made assessments on existing facilities to increase its efficiency by tweaking the operational conditions (e.g. physico-chemical and biological parameters). And we've helped companies to also increase the capacity of their existing facilities without necessarily building another plant.
______________________________
PACIFIC SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENTAL
Research and Consultancy, Inc.
Unit 1534 City and Land Mega Plaza
ADB Avenue corner Garnet Road
Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605
Metro Manila, Philippines
Visit our main site at www.pacific-spectrum.com.
Contact us today!
Telephone No.: (632) 637-8669
Telefax No.: (632) 631-2096
Email: info@pacific-spectrum.com
Tuesday, June 30, 2009
Wet Scrubbers
Wet scrubber is a form of pollution control technology. The term describes a variety of devices that remove pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method, so as to remove the pollutants.
The design of wet scrubbers or any air pollution control device depends on the industrial process conditions and the nature of the air pollutants involved.
Inlet gas characteristics and dust properties (if particles are present) are of primary importance. Scrubbers can be designed to collect particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants. Wet scrubbers remove dust particles by capturing them in liquid droplets. Wet scrubbers remove pollutant gases by dissolving or absorbing them into the liquid.
Any droplets that are in the scrubber inlet gas must be separated from the outlet gas stream by means of another device referred to as a mist eliminator or entrainment separator (these terms are interchangeable). Also, the resultant scrubbing liquid must be treated prior to any ultimate discharge or being reused in the plant.
There are numerous configurations of scrubbers and scrubbing systems, all designed to provide good contact between the liquid and polluted gas stream.
Figures 1 and 2 show two examples of wet scrubber designs, including their mist eliminators. Figure 1 is a venturi scrubber design. The mist eliminator for a venturi scrubber is often a separate device called a cyclonic separator.
Figure 1 - Venturi scrubber with mist eliminator
Figure 2 - Packed bed towerFigure 2 has a tower design where the mist eliminator is built into the top of the structure. Various tower designs exist.
A wet scrubber's ability to collect small particles is often directly proportional to the power input into the scrubber. Low energy devices such as spray towers are used to collect particles larger than 5 micrometers. To obtain high efficiency removal of 1 micrometer (or less) particles generally requires high energy devices such as venturi scrubbers or augmented devices such as condensation scrubbers. Additionally, a properly designed and operated entrainment separator or mist eliminator is important to achieve high removal efficiencies. The greater the number of liquid droplets that are not captured by the mist eliminator the higher the potential emission levels.
Wet scrubbers that remove gaseous pollutants are referred to as absorbers. Good gas-to-liquid contact is essential to obtain high removal efficiencies in absorbers. A number of wet scrubber designs are used to remove gaseous pollutants, with the packed tower and the plate tower being the most common.
If the gas stream contains both particle matter and gases, wet scrubbers are generally the only single air pollution control device that can remove both pollutants. Wet scrubbers can achieve high removal efficiencies for either particles or gases and, in some instances, can achieve a high removal efficiency for both pollutants in the same system. However, in many cases, the best operating conditions for particles collection are the poorest for gas removal.
In general, obtaining high simultaneous gas and particulate removal efficiencies requires that one of them be easily collected (i.e., that the gases are very soluble in the liquid or that the particles are large and readily captured) or by the use of a scrubbing reagent such as lime or sodium hydroxide.
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The design of wet scrubbers or any air pollution control device depends on the industrial process conditions and the nature of the air pollutants involved.
Inlet gas characteristics and dust properties (if particles are present) are of primary importance. Scrubbers can be designed to collect particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants. Wet scrubbers remove dust particles by capturing them in liquid droplets. Wet scrubbers remove pollutant gases by dissolving or absorbing them into the liquid.
Any droplets that are in the scrubber inlet gas must be separated from the outlet gas stream by means of another device referred to as a mist eliminator or entrainment separator (these terms are interchangeable). Also, the resultant scrubbing liquid must be treated prior to any ultimate discharge or being reused in the plant.
There are numerous configurations of scrubbers and scrubbing systems, all designed to provide good contact between the liquid and polluted gas stream.
Figures 1 and 2 show two examples of wet scrubber designs, including their mist eliminators. Figure 1 is a venturi scrubber design. The mist eliminator for a venturi scrubber is often a separate device called a cyclonic separator.
A wet scrubber's ability to collect small particles is often directly proportional to the power input into the scrubber. Low energy devices such as spray towers are used to collect particles larger than 5 micrometers. To obtain high efficiency removal of 1 micrometer (or less) particles generally requires high energy devices such as venturi scrubbers or augmented devices such as condensation scrubbers. Additionally, a properly designed and operated entrainment separator or mist eliminator is important to achieve high removal efficiencies. The greater the number of liquid droplets that are not captured by the mist eliminator the higher the potential emission levels.
Wet scrubbers that remove gaseous pollutants are referred to as absorbers. Good gas-to-liquid contact is essential to obtain high removal efficiencies in absorbers. A number of wet scrubber designs are used to remove gaseous pollutants, with the packed tower and the plate tower being the most common.
If the gas stream contains both particle matter and gases, wet scrubbers are generally the only single air pollution control device that can remove both pollutants. Wet scrubbers can achieve high removal efficiencies for either particles or gases and, in some instances, can achieve a high removal efficiency for both pollutants in the same system. However, in many cases, the best operating conditions for particles collection are the poorest for gas removal.
In general, obtaining high simultaneous gas and particulate removal efficiencies requires that one of them be easily collected (i.e., that the gases are very soluble in the liquid or that the particles are large and readily captured) or by the use of a scrubbing reagent such as lime or sodium hydroxide.
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STWA Provides Business Development and Milestone Update
SANTA BARBARA, CA -- (Marketwire) -- 06/23/09 -- Save the World Air, Inc. (OTCBB: ZERO), an innovative pioneer in the clean technology industry focused on energy efficiency and air quality issues, is pleased to provide an overview of developments and milestone achievements over the past six months. This is a summary of these developments; more information about STWA and its technologies that improve energy efficiency and air quality can be reviewed at the company's website www.stwa.com or through its public filings at www.edgar.org.
"The Company has worked diligently to position itself as a leading player in the multi-billion dollar energy efficiency market with its technologies," stated Mr. Cecil Bond Kyte, Chairman and CEO of Save The World Air, Inc. "The milestones we have achieved over the past six months show how we plan to address this market, and how we see the market developing in the state of California and nationally under the Obama Administration."
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"The Company has worked diligently to position itself as a leading player in the multi-billion dollar energy efficiency market with its technologies," stated Mr. Cecil Bond Kyte, Chairman and CEO of Save The World Air, Inc. "The milestones we have achieved over the past six months show how we plan to address this market, and how we see the market developing in the state of California and nationally under the Obama Administration."
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Beijing Olympics were the most polluted games ever, researchers say
The level of toxic smog of soot particles in the air was so high that at times the sun was blotted out.
Despite Chinese Government measures to reduce pollution around their capital city by shutting down factories, restricting car usage and slowing down construction, high levels of pollutants persisted.
However matters could have been worse had there not been evening showers and a change in the wind direction during the games.
Scientists found the weather played a greater part in reducing pollution than restrictions imposed by the Chinese Government
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What Does Auto Code 1446 Emissions Control Systems In Cars Mean?
It is always a bit stressful when your vehicle isn’t performing right, and especially if this lack of performance is coupled with the auto code 1446 emissions control systems in cars being indicated through the use of a scanner. When the “check engine” light comes on in any car equipped with an on-board diagnostic system or OBD-ll, the owner or driver can take the vehicle to any repair shop, auto parts store or dealership and have the results scanned. This process then generates all the faults or malfunctions in the emissions system into a series of code. The auto code 1446 emissions control systems, cars and trucks, means that there is a problem with the vent control valve. This fault can occur in more than one set of the auto code 1446 emissions control systems. Cars or trucks can be reset and driven again, then checked to see if the fault occurs. Sometimes something as simple as a loose gas cap or a tear in the seal around the gas cap can lead to the fault reading auto code 1446 emissions control systems. Cars are easy to fix if this is the problem, simply reset the system and correctly tighten the gas cap or replace the damaged gas cap to correct the problem and prevent the faulty reading from occurring.
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National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Area Source Standards for Paints and Allied Products Manufacturing
May 30, 2009 (FIND, Inc. via COMTEX) -- ADPC | Quote | Chart | News | PowerRating -- SUMMARY: EPA is proposing national emission standards for control of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) for the Paints and Allied Products Manufacturing area source category. The proposed emissions standards for new and existing sources are based on EPA's proposed determination as to what constitutes the generally available control technology or management practices (GACT) for the area source category.
EFFECTIVE DATE: Comments must be received on or before July 1, 2009, unless a public hearing is requested by June 11, 2009. If a hearing is requested on this proposed rule, written comments must be received by July 16, 2009. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, comments on the information collection provisions must be received by the Office of Management and Budget on or before July 1, 2009.
ADDRESSES: EPA will accept comment on the proposal for 30 days after publication in the Federal Register . Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0053, by one of the following methods:
. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov: Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
. Agency Web site: http://www.epa.gov/oar/docket.html. Follow the instructions for submitting comments on the EPA Air and Radiation Docket Web site.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: Comments must be received on or before July 1, 2009, unless a public hearing is requested by June 11, 2009. If a hearing is requested on this proposed rule, written comments must be received by July 16, 2009. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, comments on the information collection provisions must be received by the Office of Management and Budget on or before July 1, 2009.
ADDRESSES: EPA will accept comment on the proposal for 30 days after publication in the Federal Register . Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0053, by one of the following methods:
. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov: Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
. Agency Web site: http://www.epa.gov/oar/docket.html. Follow the instructions for submitting comments on the EPA Air and Radiation Docket Web site.
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Indoor Plants Create Fresh Air
NASA conducted a joint study with the Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA). During the energy crisis of the 1970’s a standard practiced was developed to create energy efficient buildings. The solution was to heavily insulate the building structures, as well as control the influx of fresh air via cracks, openings, spaces, etc. By sealing and insulating the buildings, millions of dollars on energy costs were saved, but at what expense? The stagnant air became a breeding ground for toxic chemicals that are found in everyday objects. Therefore the objective of the NASA study was to discover the potential use of household plants in solving indoor air pollution problems. The two-study focused primarily on 3 everyday household chemicals.
Three Most Common Indoor Chemicals
* Benzene, is used as a solvent and can be found in plastics, dyes, rubbers, detergents, and gasoline, among the other numerous items. Irritable to the skin and eyes, Benzene can cause respiratory and psychological disturbances, liver and kidney damage, as well as diseases to the blood and lymphatic systems.
* Trichloroethylene is used in varnishes, adhesives, and metal degreasing. Known as a liver carcinogen it also damages the respiratory and central nervous systems by acting as an anesthetic. Numbing the functions of cells, Trichloroethylene can have a lethal effect.
* Formaldehyde is used as a preserving agent. Practically found in every environment, from insulation, particleboard, and carpet backing, to grocery bags and paper towels. This chemical is one of the leading causes for the development of asthma.
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Three Most Common Indoor Chemicals
* Benzene, is used as a solvent and can be found in plastics, dyes, rubbers, detergents, and gasoline, among the other numerous items. Irritable to the skin and eyes, Benzene can cause respiratory and psychological disturbances, liver and kidney damage, as well as diseases to the blood and lymphatic systems.
* Trichloroethylene is used in varnishes, adhesives, and metal degreasing. Known as a liver carcinogen it also damages the respiratory and central nervous systems by acting as an anesthetic. Numbing the functions of cells, Trichloroethylene can have a lethal effect.
* Formaldehyde is used as a preserving agent. Practically found in every environment, from insulation, particleboard, and carpet backing, to grocery bags and paper towels. This chemical is one of the leading causes for the development of asthma.
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