China is installing two prototype magnetically levitated (maglev) systems for transporting coal in Inner Mongolia in an attempt to increase transport speeds and efficiencies, and to reduce pollution. Cost studies show $0.13 to 0.017 per ton-mile depending upon the length of magnetic pipe. Rail and truck costs are in the $0.35 to 0.05 per ton-mile cost range.
Magplane Magpipes
Magplane Technology designs and fabricates pipeline transport systems using the linear synchronous motor technology developed for the Magplane system. Typical applications for pipeline transport range from priority mail packages to ore transport. A typical ore application would have an underground pair of 60 cm diameter pipes for outbound and returning capsules, and typically carry 10 millions tons per year over a distance of 50 km.
Electromagnetic drives for pipeline systems are intended to replace pneumatic capsules. Pneumatic capsule pipelines have a long history, and there are several large scale systems in current use. Conventional pneumatic systems use external blowers to move the column of air together with the capsules in the pipe. Full-diameter valves are used to control the injection, removal and subsequent return of capsules. Various practical limits constrain the throughput of these systems and limit their cost effectiveness.
A demonstration project which uses a linear synchronous motor to move vehicles has been constructed at the IMC-Agrico Company in Lakeland, FL. The demonstration utilizes 200 m of 60 cm diameter cylindrical cast "waste water" fiberglass tube, and includes a 60 m long accelerator/decelerator section, a switch, and load and unload stations. The test vehicle traverses back and forth at a peak speed of 65 km/hr. The 1.8 m long wheelbase vehicle uses six-wheel assemblies at each end of a rotating hopper, and has a payload capacity of 270 kg. The vehicle carries an array of neodymium-iron boron permanent magnets which interact with the linear motor mounted on the outside of the tube to provide propulsion, and with external coils to provide an electromagnetic switch function.
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Sunday, July 5, 2009
Saturday, July 4, 2009
Proposed federal emission rule threatens cement plants
Two major local employers, Lehigh Southwest Cement Company in Tehachapi and CalPortland Cement in Mojave, are facing a stringent new federal emission rule that may be impossible to meet.
Both plants fall short of the proposed standard for mercury emissions, but the Lehigh plant has a far greater challenge ahead of it to meet the demands of the Environmental Protection Agency.
The proposed standard for mercury is “very low,” said Kern County Air Pollution Control Officer Dave Jones.
“Our plant has been on this site for the last 100 years and now the United States Environmental Protection Agency has determined if we cannot meet their proposed emission levels, the plant would be required to close,” said Lehigh Plant Manager Craig Mifflin. “Lehigh is in the process of preparing pilot plant studies to determine the ability of existing control technologies to control these pollutants. The challenge of course, will be the ability to meet all of the parameters' extremely low limits.”
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Both plants fall short of the proposed standard for mercury emissions, but the Lehigh plant has a far greater challenge ahead of it to meet the demands of the Environmental Protection Agency.
The proposed standard for mercury is “very low,” said Kern County Air Pollution Control Officer Dave Jones.
“Our plant has been on this site for the last 100 years and now the United States Environmental Protection Agency has determined if we cannot meet their proposed emission levels, the plant would be required to close,” said Lehigh Plant Manager Craig Mifflin. “Lehigh is in the process of preparing pilot plant studies to determine the ability of existing control technologies to control these pollutants. The challenge of course, will be the ability to meet all of the parameters' extremely low limits.”
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Engineering Design on Sewerage Systems
Pacific Spectrum Environmental engages on engineering designs on sewerage systems. We perform design calculations, detailed plans and drawings, and bill quantity calculations. Our design engineers have a wide background experience on sewerage system designs. Our notable projects include the Hanni Park Project and Meloding Project in the Matjabeng Municipality, South Africa under Sobek Engineering Pty. (Ltd).
______________________________
PACIFIC SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENTAL
Research and Consultancy, Inc.
Unit 1534 City and Land Mega Plaza
ADB Avenue corner Garnet Road
Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605
Metro Manila, Philippines
Visit our main site at www.pacific-spectrum.com.
Contact us today!
Telephone No.: (632) 637-8669
Telefax No.: (632) 631-2096
Email: info@pacific-spectrum.com
______________________________
PACIFIC SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENTAL
Research and Consultancy, Inc.
Unit 1534 City and Land Mega Plaza
ADB Avenue corner Garnet Road
Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605
Metro Manila, Philippines
Visit our main site at www.pacific-spectrum.com.
Contact us today!
Telephone No.: (632) 637-8669
Telefax No.: (632) 631-2096
Email: info@pacific-spectrum.com
Friday, July 3, 2009
BP: 'We share concerns about benzene'
On June 2, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced it had cited BP Whiting for environmental violations. For nearly six years, the refinery emitted cancer-causing benzene at its wastewater treatment plant without proper air pollution control equipment.
Under the Clean Air Act, BP is required to manage and treat benzene waste from its wastewater treatment plant. But not all emissions from the waste were controlled as required.
In 2008, BP totaled 95 tons of benzene waste — nearly 16 times the amount allowed, according to the EPA. Similar violations took place between 2003 and 2008.
BP self-disclosed the violations to the EPA in a required annual report for 2008 submitted on Feb. 10 this year. BP spokesman Scott Dean said BP discovered the problem when a third party audited the treatment plant in the fall as part of an effort to improve operations.
EPA's announcement led 19 congressional legislators from Great Lakes states to send a letter to EPA, demanding it investigate whether BP complies with its environmental permits.
The EPA is preparing a letter in response.
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Under the Clean Air Act, BP is required to manage and treat benzene waste from its wastewater treatment plant. But not all emissions from the waste were controlled as required.
In 2008, BP totaled 95 tons of benzene waste — nearly 16 times the amount allowed, according to the EPA. Similar violations took place between 2003 and 2008.
BP self-disclosed the violations to the EPA in a required annual report for 2008 submitted on Feb. 10 this year. BP spokesman Scott Dean said BP discovered the problem when a third party audited the treatment plant in the fall as part of an effort to improve operations.
EPA's announcement led 19 congressional legislators from Great Lakes states to send a letter to EPA, demanding it investigate whether BP complies with its environmental permits.
The EPA is preparing a letter in response.
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Thursday, July 2, 2009
CECO Environmental Announces Two New Orders Totaling Approximately $1.1 Million
ABOUT CECO ENVIRONMENTAL
CECO Environmental Corp. is
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Wednesday, July 1, 2009
Wet Scrubbers: Pros and Cons
Table 1. Relative advantages and disadvantages of wet scrubbers compared to other control devices | |
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Small space requirements Scrubbers reduce the temperature and volume of the unsaturated exhaust stream. Therefore, vessel sizes, including fans and ducts downstream, are smaller than those of other control devices. Smaller sizes result in lower capital costs and more flexibility in site location of the scrubber. No secondary dust sources Once particulate matter is collected, it cannot escape from hoppers or during transport. Handles high-temperature, high-humidity gas streams No temperature limits or condensation problems can occur as in baghouses or ESPs. Minimal fire and explosion hazards Various dry dusts are flammable. Using water eliminates the possibility of explosions. Ability to collect both gases and particulate matter | Corrosion problems Water and dissolved pollutants can form highly corrosive acid solutions. Proper construction materials are very important. Also, wet-dry interface areas can result in corrosion. High power requirements High collection efficiencies for particulate matter are attainable only at high pressure drops, resulting in high operating costs. Water-disposal problems Settling ponds or sludge clarifiers may be needed to meet waste-water regulations. Difficult product recovery Dewatering and drying of scrubber sludge make recovery of any dust for reuse very expensive and difficult. |
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Rekindling Wood Energy in America
Clean-energy opportunities are many and will be realized if energy policy can both promote the efficiency of our energy system and sustainable development of a full complement of renewables: solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and biomass.
As America begins to back away from fossil fuels, consumers are more and more ready to transition to affordable and sustainable sources of renewable energies. The recently proposed Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) is gaining considerable support in Congress and among the general public. As written however, it inadvertently is poised to waste large amounts of renewable thermal energy and needs more careful crafting.
One of the largest sources of renewable energy available today is one of the oldest, that is direct combustion of wood. Recent European developments in advanced wood combustion (AWC, defined as automated, high-efficiency wood-fired energy systems with strict air pollution control) have wood supplying thermal and electrical energy cleanly and reliably to thousands of communities in Europe and increasingly in North America. AWC minimizes air pollutants including fossil greenhouse gases.
AWC is so clean and safe that AWC systems are commonly deployed in the midst of picture-perfect European towns and villages. Because AWC systems can be developed in community-sized increments of 0.1 to 20 MWth, they can be managed to meet community needs and not overwhelm the productivity of local woodsheds.
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As America begins to back away from fossil fuels, consumers are more and more ready to transition to affordable and sustainable sources of renewable energies. The recently proposed Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) is gaining considerable support in Congress and among the general public. As written however, it inadvertently is poised to waste large amounts of renewable thermal energy and needs more careful crafting.
One of the largest sources of renewable energy available today is one of the oldest, that is direct combustion of wood. Recent European developments in advanced wood combustion (AWC, defined as automated, high-efficiency wood-fired energy systems with strict air pollution control) have wood supplying thermal and electrical energy cleanly and reliably to thousands of communities in Europe and increasingly in North America. AWC minimizes air pollutants including fossil greenhouse gases.
AWC is so clean and safe that AWC systems are commonly deployed in the midst of picture-perfect European towns and villages. Because AWC systems can be developed in community-sized increments of 0.1 to 20 MWth, they can be managed to meet community needs and not overwhelm the productivity of local woodsheds.
To read full article, click here.
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