The national fuel-efficiency and emission-control standard announced in mid-May will significantly raise the requirements for vehicle manufacturers, foreign and domestic. But the standard will also enable automakers and regulators to pursue the goals more efficiently.
Pleasing environmental groups and - publicly, at least - manufacturers, President Obama described new, comprehensive rules that:
Raise the required, overall average for fuel efficiency to 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016 - four years earlier than current federal law requires. New passenger cars would have to average 39 mpg; light trucks, 30 mpg. (The current average for cars is 27.5 mpg; for trucks, 23 mpg.)
Impose, for the first time nationwide limits on vehicle-exhaust emissions.
Carbon dioxide and other vehicle emissions that contribute to climate change would be reduced by almost one-third by 2016. The volumes are hard to comprehend, but the Obama administration said the restrictions would reduce greenhouse emissions by 900 million metric tons - the equivalent of taking 177 million cars off the road during the 6-1/2-year duration of the new policies.
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Tuesday, June 30, 2009
Carrier Air Conditioning: A World Leader
The Carrier Corporation is one of the leaders in the industry of heating, refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Carrier air conditioning units have been sold in the United States since they were first designed in 1902, and are now available in close to 200 different countries across the world. With the main headquarters located in Farmington, Connecticut, Carrier air conditioning, heating and refrigeration businesses employ over 45,000 employees worldwide and is constantly expanding and increasing their market and services offered.
Carrier Corporation has several different divisions include the retail and commercial sectors that sell Carrier air conditioning, heating and refrigeration products and services. In addition there is a commercial HVAC building and industrial division, refrigeration and food service division, transportation refrigeration division and a passenger comfort division that focuses on climate control for marine vessels, busses and recreational vehicles. These different divisions all strive to increase the efficiency and power saving features of their products as well as promote environmental awareness and options for recycling and innovations in different heating and cooling systems.
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Carrier Corporation has several different divisions include the retail and commercial sectors that sell Carrier air conditioning, heating and refrigeration products and services. In addition there is a commercial HVAC building and industrial division, refrigeration and food service division, transportation refrigeration division and a passenger comfort division that focuses on climate control for marine vessels, busses and recreational vehicles. These different divisions all strive to increase the efficiency and power saving features of their products as well as promote environmental awareness and options for recycling and innovations in different heating and cooling systems.
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Roadmap for Cleaner Fuels and Cleaner Vehicles
I recently came across an interesting document titled “A Road Map for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles in Asia”. This document was prepared as part of an air quality programme supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The roadmap was meant to provide decision makers in Asia with up-to-date information on how to clean up fuels and encourage clean vehicles. The roadmap discusses the interaction between fuels and vehicle technologies and the approaches that Asian countries can take to produce cleaner fuels and vehicles.
I have extracted the key conclusions drawn from that document. I hope you find them interesting.
(i) Clean fuels are essential. Pollution control experts worldwide have come to realize over the past 30 years that cleaner fuels are a critical component of an effective clean air strategy. In recent years, this understanding of the critical role of fuels deepened and spread to most regions of the world. Fuel quality is now seen as not only essential for directly eliminating or reducing pollutants such as lead, but also as a precondition for introducing many important pollution control technologies (e.g., the lowering of sulfur content to enable use of diesel particulate filters). Further, one critical advantage of cleaner fuels has emerged — its rapid impact on both new and existing vehicles. For example, tighter new vehicle standards can take 10 or more years to be fully effective, but the removal of lead in gasoline in Asia has reduced lead emissions from all vehicles immediately.
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I have extracted the key conclusions drawn from that document. I hope you find them interesting.
(i) Clean fuels are essential. Pollution control experts worldwide have come to realize over the past 30 years that cleaner fuels are a critical component of an effective clean air strategy. In recent years, this understanding of the critical role of fuels deepened and spread to most regions of the world. Fuel quality is now seen as not only essential for directly eliminating or reducing pollutants such as lead, but also as a precondition for introducing many important pollution control technologies (e.g., the lowering of sulfur content to enable use of diesel particulate filters). Further, one critical advantage of cleaner fuels has emerged — its rapid impact on both new and existing vehicles. For example, tighter new vehicle standards can take 10 or more years to be fully effective, but the removal of lead in gasoline in Asia has reduced lead emissions from all vehicles immediately.
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Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO)
The Anguil Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer destroys Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and odorous emissions that are often discharged from industrial processes. The RTO achieves emission, abatement and destruction through the process of high temperature thermal or catalytic oxidation, converting the pollutants to carbon dioxide and water vapor while reusing the thermal energy generated to reduce operating costs.
VOC and HAP laden process gas enters the oxidizer through an inlet manifold to flow control, poppet valves that direct this gas into energy recovery chambers where it is preheated. The process gas and contaminants are progressively heated in the ceramic media beds as they move toward the combustion chamber.
Once oxidized in the combustion chamber, the hot purified air releases thermal energy as it passes through the media bed in the outlet flow direction. The outlet bed is heated and the gas is cooled so that the outlet gas temperature is only slightly higher than the process inlet temperature. Poppet valves alternate the airflow direction into the media beds to maximize energy recovery within the oxidizer. The high energy recovery within these oxidizers reduces the auxiliary fuel requirement and saves operating cost. The Anguil oxidizer achieves high destruction efficiency and self-sustaining operation with no auxiliary fuel usage at low concentrations.
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VOC and HAP laden process gas enters the oxidizer through an inlet manifold to flow control, poppet valves that direct this gas into energy recovery chambers where it is preheated. The process gas and contaminants are progressively heated in the ceramic media beds as they move toward the combustion chamber.
Once oxidized in the combustion chamber, the hot purified air releases thermal energy as it passes through the media bed in the outlet flow direction. The outlet bed is heated and the gas is cooled so that the outlet gas temperature is only slightly higher than the process inlet temperature. Poppet valves alternate the airflow direction into the media beds to maximize energy recovery within the oxidizer. The high energy recovery within these oxidizers reduces the auxiliary fuel requirement and saves operating cost. The Anguil oxidizer achieves high destruction efficiency and self-sustaining operation with no auxiliary fuel usage at low concentrations.
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Oxidation technologies for destruction of volatile organic compounds
Ever tightening EU regulations and standards for the reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, are putting heavy demands on industry sectors, including chemicals.
Coupled with the drive to reduce energy consumption, any air pollution control system must offer high performance in VOC destruction and energy efficiency.
Oxidation is an effective technology for the destruction of VOCs. Essential combustion with minimal energy consumption can be achieved through use of the three Ts of oxidation: time, turbulence and temperature, together with the correct design systems and sufficient quantities of oxygen.
Technologies capable of achieving these objectives include; direct-fired, recuperative, regenerative and catalytic oxidisers along with combination concentrator/oxidiser systems for the most dilute streams.
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Coupled with the drive to reduce energy consumption, any air pollution control system must offer high performance in VOC destruction and energy efficiency.
Oxidation is an effective technology for the destruction of VOCs. Essential combustion with minimal energy consumption can be achieved through use of the three Ts of oxidation: time, turbulence and temperature, together with the correct design systems and sufficient quantities of oxygen.
Technologies capable of achieving these objectives include; direct-fired, recuperative, regenerative and catalytic oxidisers along with combination concentrator/oxidiser systems for the most dilute streams.
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A SCADA System Assessment
A Pre-SCADA System Assessment
By Randy Dennison
Introduction
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a process control system that enables a site operator to monitor and control processes distributed among various remote sites. Such systems can be used to monitor and control land, air or water pollution control equipment, or just about any manufacturing process.
A properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need for service personnel to visit each site for inspection, data collection/logging or make adjustments. Real-time monitoring, system modifications, troubleshooting, increased equipment life and automatic report generating are just a few of the benefits that come with today’s SCADA systems.
As technology continues to advance, such systems will be the operating standard for process control. But from hundreds of system providers available today, which one will a facility choose to partner with and why?
Choosing a system provider that will design a system applicable to an operator’s needs can be an overwhelming, confusing task. With little or no knowledge of SCADA and telemetry systems and an incomplete pre-system assessment, decisions can include costly mistakes. Too often the decisions are based upon:
Price:
The quality of system components and workmanship may suffer when vendors low-bid to win the contract. The vendor may then indiscriminately cut costs to make a profit.
Proprietary equipment - If proprietary, closed-protocol equipment is installed in the system, the customer can be forced to pay inflated prices and face the possibility of future equipment integration problems due to obsolete or irreplaceable components, company shutdowns and a lack of support when it comes time for repair.
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By Randy Dennison
Introduction
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a process control system that enables a site operator to monitor and control processes distributed among various remote sites. Such systems can be used to monitor and control land, air or water pollution control equipment, or just about any manufacturing process.
A properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need for service personnel to visit each site for inspection, data collection/logging or make adjustments. Real-time monitoring, system modifications, troubleshooting, increased equipment life and automatic report generating are just a few of the benefits that come with today’s SCADA systems.
As technology continues to advance, such systems will be the operating standard for process control. But from hundreds of system providers available today, which one will a facility choose to partner with and why?
Choosing a system provider that will design a system applicable to an operator’s needs can be an overwhelming, confusing task. With little or no knowledge of SCADA and telemetry systems and an incomplete pre-system assessment, decisions can include costly mistakes. Too often the decisions are based upon:
Price:
The quality of system components and workmanship may suffer when vendors low-bid to win the contract. The vendor may then indiscriminately cut costs to make a profit.
Proprietary equipment - If proprietary, closed-protocol equipment is installed in the system, the customer can be forced to pay inflated prices and face the possibility of future equipment integration problems due to obsolete or irreplaceable components, company shutdowns and a lack of support when it comes time for repair.
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Environmental experience in Sweden
Sweden was one of the first countries in the world to recognise the growing environmental problems and include these on the political agenda. Environmental awareness increased during the 1960s and older regulations governing health care and water pollution were replaced by new legislation to control the emissions of all types of pollution. In 1972, Sweden hosted the UN conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, which placed the environment on the international agenda and laid the foundations for greater insight into global environmental threats.
Today, it is accepted that environmental issues affect all aspects of society, from large production systems to the lifestyle of individuals. In Sweden, we have reached far in controlling urban and industrial point source pollution. The challenge now is to focus more on the environmental impact during the life cycle of products, as well as on certain sectors with responsible for a relatively large part of the present environmental impact, e.g. the transport and the agricultural sectors. As a result, environmental policy is now more addressing issues related to products, for instance recycling and waste minimisation, as well as infra-structure and lifestyles. This general trend is found in most industrialised countries.
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Today, it is accepted that environmental issues affect all aspects of society, from large production systems to the lifestyle of individuals. In Sweden, we have reached far in controlling urban and industrial point source pollution. The challenge now is to focus more on the environmental impact during the life cycle of products, as well as on certain sectors with responsible for a relatively large part of the present environmental impact, e.g. the transport and the agricultural sectors. As a result, environmental policy is now more addressing issues related to products, for instance recycling and waste minimisation, as well as infra-structure and lifestyles. This general trend is found in most industrialised countries.
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