Sweden was one of the first countries in the world to recognise the growing environmental problems and include these on the political agenda. Environmental awareness increased during the 1960s and older regulations governing health care and water pollution were replaced by new legislation to control the emissions of all types of pollution. In 1972, Sweden hosted the UN conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, which placed the environment on the international agenda and laid the foundations for greater insight into global environmental threats.
Today, it is accepted that environmental issues affect all aspects of society, from large production systems to the lifestyle of individuals. In Sweden, we have reached far in controlling urban and industrial point source pollution. The challenge now is to focus more on the environmental impact during the life cycle of products, as well as on certain sectors with responsible for a relatively large part of the present environmental impact, e.g. the transport and the agricultural sectors. As a result, environmental policy is now more addressing issues related to products, for instance recycling and waste minimisation, as well as infra-structure and lifestyles. This general trend is found in most industrialised countries.
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Tuesday, June 30, 2009
U.S. professor: "China is an enormous success story in world economics"
NEW YORK, May 26 (Xinhua) -- "I think China is an enormous success story, clearly in economics and it has had the most dynamic economic development in world history during the last 30 years," a famous U.S. professor has said.
Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, said in a recent exclusive interview with Xinhua that "We all believe, at least I believe, that China will ... relatively soon, within the next three decades perhaps ... become the world's largest economy."
"So I think China has a unique position in the world. It's not only the most populous country but it will become the largest economy in the world, and that's rather natural because it's such a large size with so many talented people but it means a special kind of responsibility," he said.
However, "China also faces tremendous internal problems in its development, especially the environmental challenges because the water, the energy, air pollution and so forth, are major question for China's development -- also, the scale of the urbanization," he said.
"This is a very complicated process but I think China has done a tremendous job of having rapid development," he said. "Now it has to turn more attention to the physical environment and to the human well being in health care and so on."
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Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, said in a recent exclusive interview with Xinhua that "We all believe, at least I believe, that China will ... relatively soon, within the next three decades perhaps ... become the world's largest economy."
"So I think China has a unique position in the world. It's not only the most populous country but it will become the largest economy in the world, and that's rather natural because it's such a large size with so many talented people but it means a special kind of responsibility," he said.
However, "China also faces tremendous internal problems in its development, especially the environmental challenges because the water, the energy, air pollution and so forth, are major question for China's development -- also, the scale of the urbanization," he said.
"This is a very complicated process but I think China has done a tremendous job of having rapid development," he said. "Now it has to turn more attention to the physical environment and to the human well being in health care and so on."
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Mcerts visitor numbers up by 10 per cent
The organisers of the Mcerts 2009 air-monitoring event have announced that visitor numbers grew by 10 per cent in comparison with the 2007 figures.
Mcerts organiser Dave Curtis, from the Source Testing Association (STA), said: 'I think there are a number of reasons for the success of the Mcerts events.
'First, they have become an established red-letter date in the diaries of everyone involved in air monitoring because they provide an opportunity to catch up on the latest regulatory information; second, visitors are able to view all of the latest monitoring technologies; third, process operators can network with people that are facing the same challenges in their working lives and finally, the more recent emphasis on operator self-monitoring means that process operators have to have a greater understanding of the monitoring requirements.' Doug Wilson, head of monitoring and assessment at the Environment Agency, added: 'It was pleasing to note the high level of participation in the Mcerts 2009 conference, workshops and exhibition.
'Our objective to continuously improve the quality of monitoring combined with the increased emphasis on operator self-monitoring means that events such as this provide an excellent opportunity for all stakeholders to meet and discuss issues of common concern.
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Mcerts organiser Dave Curtis, from the Source Testing Association (STA), said: 'I think there are a number of reasons for the success of the Mcerts events.
'First, they have become an established red-letter date in the diaries of everyone involved in air monitoring because they provide an opportunity to catch up on the latest regulatory information; second, visitors are able to view all of the latest monitoring technologies; third, process operators can network with people that are facing the same challenges in their working lives and finally, the more recent emphasis on operator self-monitoring means that process operators have to have a greater understanding of the monitoring requirements.' Doug Wilson, head of monitoring and assessment at the Environment Agency, added: 'It was pleasing to note the high level of participation in the Mcerts 2009 conference, workshops and exhibition.
'Our objective to continuously improve the quality of monitoring combined with the increased emphasis on operator self-monitoring means that events such as this provide an excellent opportunity for all stakeholders to meet and discuss issues of common concern.
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Greens ask Brussels to look into traffic, pollution problems in Sliema area
Traffic and pollution problems in Sliema and Gżira have reached the European Commission, putting the local environment and transport authorities under the spotlight.
The Greens have tabled a parliamentary question on the level of unsustainable development in these areas, asking the Commission to verify whether the planning authority would be authorising further urban development in these already over-developed towns in breach of EU directives.
Alternattiva Demokratika chairman Arnold Cassola said the Commission was also asked to check whether the Malta Transport Authority (ADT) was fulfilling its obligations to provide effective urban traffic management and control against vehicle pollution.
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The Greens have tabled a parliamentary question on the level of unsustainable development in these areas, asking the Commission to verify whether the planning authority would be authorising further urban development in these already over-developed towns in breach of EU directives.
Alternattiva Demokratika chairman Arnold Cassola said the Commission was also asked to check whether the Malta Transport Authority (ADT) was fulfilling its obligations to provide effective urban traffic management and control against vehicle pollution.
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Anti-tobacco law gains support
Accra, GNA - A report on a survey, to assess the levels of Second Hand Smoke (SHS) in selected places, has indicated that 80 per cent of workers in smoking and non-smoking establishments were in favour of smoke-free laws, citing health as a reason.
The report said even though all smoking venues, except one, had ventilation systems, 96 per cent had Particulate Matter of 2.5 level, which fell into hazardous category of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality Index.
According to Mr Winfred Agbenyikey, who conducted the research, the ventilation system cannot protect people from SHS exposure.
He said the study was conducted to measure the extent of pollution caused by SHS exposure to workers and patrons in selected indoor public places.
Presenting a Paper at a day's seminar on the theme: "Ban on Smoking in Public Places," for senior staff of the EPA in Accra on Thursday, he said bar owners interviewed claimed customers' preference and concerns over loss of revenue as their reason for allowing smoking in their establishments.
He, however, noted that owners of non-smoking locations, which had gone smoke-free voluntarily, six months before the study, reported a hike in attendance and increased revenue after the ban.
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The report said even though all smoking venues, except one, had ventilation systems, 96 per cent had Particulate Matter of 2.5 level, which fell into hazardous category of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality Index.
According to Mr Winfred Agbenyikey, who conducted the research, the ventilation system cannot protect people from SHS exposure.
He said the study was conducted to measure the extent of pollution caused by SHS exposure to workers and patrons in selected indoor public places.
Presenting a Paper at a day's seminar on the theme: "Ban on Smoking in Public Places," for senior staff of the EPA in Accra on Thursday, he said bar owners interviewed claimed customers' preference and concerns over loss of revenue as their reason for allowing smoking in their establishments.
He, however, noted that owners of non-smoking locations, which had gone smoke-free voluntarily, six months before the study, reported a hike in attendance and increased revenue after the ban.
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Energy Futures A quick guide to alternative energy
By now, you’ve heard it in a thousand political speeches—the shopping-list-style recitation of newfangled-sounding alternative energy sources and technologies. Clean coal! Solar and wind! Switch grass!
Yet few people take the trouble to examine the energy technology field as a whole, comparing a cross-section of future sources across the same set of objective criteria, especially price. The following is reason’s attempt to rectify this gap, giving consumer and policymaker alike a quick guide to alternative energy.
Supercritical pulverized coal
Pulverizing coal is the predominant method for generating electricity in the U.S. and around the world. In a pulverization plant, coal, after being ground to the texture of flour, is blown into a furnace to burn. This converts circulating water into steam, which turns the blades of a turbine to produce electricity. “Supercritical” units heat up to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and make steam at 3,600 pounds per square inch.
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Yet few people take the trouble to examine the energy technology field as a whole, comparing a cross-section of future sources across the same set of objective criteria, especially price. The following is reason’s attempt to rectify this gap, giving consumer and policymaker alike a quick guide to alternative energy.
Supercritical pulverized coal
Pulverizing coal is the predominant method for generating electricity in the U.S. and around the world. In a pulverization plant, coal, after being ground to the texture of flour, is blown into a furnace to burn. This converts circulating water into steam, which turns the blades of a turbine to produce electricity. “Supercritical” units heat up to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and make steam at 3,600 pounds per square inch.
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How to Tackle Combustible Dusts With Successful Dust Control Systems
Many solids processing companies have a serious potential for a dust explosion and may not even recognize the risks. If the dusts in your dust control system are combustible, you may be risking injury or damage from a dust explosion if those systems are not designed or operated in accordance with NFPA recommendations.
Combustible dust incidents resulting in fatalities can be avoided if available guidance such as NFPA 654 and other standards are followed.
To see what your risk might be, answer the following two questions. If you answer "yes" to these questions, your dust control system may be an explosion hazard.
1. Do you have combustible dusts?
If you don't know, read the "Combustible Dusts" section below.
2. Do you lack adequate conveying velocity in some or all branches of your dust control system?
Low velocity causes dust accumulation in the duct and the risk of fueling a dust explosion if ignited — a significant factor in several recent incidents. Typical dust control conveying velocities are in the range of 3,500 to 4,000 ft/min (17.5 to 20 m/sec).
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Combustible dust incidents resulting in fatalities can be avoided if available guidance such as NFPA 654 and other standards are followed.
To see what your risk might be, answer the following two questions. If you answer "yes" to these questions, your dust control system may be an explosion hazard.
1. Do you have combustible dusts?
If you don't know, read the "Combustible Dusts" section below.
2. Do you lack adequate conveying velocity in some or all branches of your dust control system?
Low velocity causes dust accumulation in the duct and the risk of fueling a dust explosion if ignited — a significant factor in several recent incidents. Typical dust control conveying velocities are in the range of 3,500 to 4,000 ft/min (17.5 to 20 m/sec).
To read full article, click here.
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